Network connection automation

ABSTRACT

A computing resource service provider receives a request from a customer to establish a physical connection between a provider network device and a customer network device in a colocation center. Once the connection has been established, the customer may transmit cryptographic authentication information, through the physical connection, to the provider network device. The provider network device transmits this information to an authentication service operated by the computing resource service provider to verify the authenticity of the information. If the information is authentic, the authentication service may re-configure the provider network device to allow the customer to access one or more services provided by the computing resource service provider. The authentication service may transmit cryptographic authentication information to the customer to verify the identity of the computing resource service provider.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application incorporates by reference for all purposes the fulldisclosure of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/306,775, filed on Nov.29, 2011, entitled “INTERFACES TO MANAGE DIRECT NETWORK PEERINGS.”

BACKGROUND

Computing resource service providers and other service providers oftengrant users access to their services through the use of dedicatednetwork connections. Many users, for example, utilize a colocationenvironment to connect directly with the computing resource serviceprovider in order to access one or more services. Despite their manyadvantages, creating a dedicated and secure connection between thecomputing resource service provider and a customer may not be free ofall risks. For example, despite their best efforts to avoid it, even aphysical, dedicated connection may have points of susceptibility (e.g.,at patch panels) where unauthorized and/or unintentional access tocommunications is possible. Currently, computing resource serviceproviders may use conventional authentication methods to ensure that theconnection is secure. However, conventional authentication methods oftenrely on manual intervention and are inherently inflexible. Additionally,the cryptographic techniques used to secure the connection may havevulnerabilities exploitable to gain unauthorized access to theconnection. Adequately addressing these risks presents additional coststo the organizations that rely on the dedicated connection and to thecomputing resource service provider.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various embodiments in accordance with the present disclosure will bedescribed with reference to the drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative example of an environment in which variousembodiments can be practiced;

FIG. 2 shows an illustrative example of an environment in which variousembodiments can be practiced;

FIG. 3 shows an illustrative example of one or more services provided bya computing resource service provider in accordance with at least oneembodiment;

FIG. 4 shows an illustrative example of an environment in which variousembodiments can be practiced;

FIG. 5 shows an illustrative example of an environment in which aphysical connection is authenticated in accordance with at least oneembodiment;

FIG. 6 shows an illustrative example of an environment in which aconnection with one or more services is managed upon initialauthentication in accordance with at least one embodiment;

FIG. 7 shows an illustrative example of a process for establishing aphysical connection between a customer and a computing resource serviceprovider in accordance with at least one embodiment;

FIG. 8 shows an illustrative example of a process for authenticating aconnection for the first time in accordance with at least oneembodiment;

FIG. 9 shows an illustrative example of a process for authenticating aconnection after a connection has been previously established inaccordance with at least one embodiment;

FIG. 10 shows an illustrative example of a process for authenticating aconnection in accordance with at least one embodiment; and

FIG. 11 illustrates an environment in which various embodiments can beimplemented.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, various embodiments will be described. Forpurposes of explanation, specific configurations and details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments.However, it will also be apparent to one skilled in the art that theembodiments may be practiced without the specific details. Furthermore,well-known features may be omitted or simplified in order not to obscurethe embodiment being described.

Techniques described and suggested herein relate to the authenticationof a connection between a customer (e.g., a network operated by thecustomer) and a computing resource service provider. In an embodiment, acomputing resource service provider may receive a request from an entity(e.g., an organization) to establish a direct connection between theentity and the computing resource service provider. The entity may be acustomer of the computing resource service provider who may operatevarious services, such as data storage services, virtual computingsystem services and/or database services. For optimal usage of one ormore of the services, the computing resource service provider may allowcustomers to communicate with the computing resource service provider'snetwork using direct connections, i.e. physical communicationsconnections that connect customer computing resources to computingresource service provider computing resources. Example techniques forestablishing such connections are described in U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 13/306,775, filed on Nov. 29, 2011, titled “Interfaces toManage Direct Network Peerings,” which is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety for all purposes.

Prior to installation of the connection between the computing resourceservice provider and the customer, the computing resource serviceprovider may generate a letter of authority in order to allow anemployee of the computing resource service provider (e.g., a datatechnician) to connect physical routers associated with the customer andthe computing resource service provider. This letter of authority may begenerated in response to the received request from a customer toestablish a direct connection with the computing resource serviceprovider.

In various embodiments, the computing resource service provider maytransmit one or more signals to the customer router upon connection toinitiate network connectivity between the customer and the computingresource service provider. These one or more signals may additionallyinclude an authentication request in order to verify that the connectionhas been established correctly and that the customer is the correctentity authorized to connect to the computing resource service provider.The customer may transmit one or more signals in response to computingresource service provider in order to verify that the customer isauthorized to access the computing resource service provider computersystems. These one or more signals may include a digital signaturegenerated using one or more authentication credentials, such as a secretcryptographic key, originating from one or more customer computersystems. This signature may be generated using a symmetric cryptographicalgorithm and/or an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. The computingresource service provider may transmit the customer signals (orinformation based at least in part thereon) to an authentication servicein order to determine whether the signature received from the customeris authentic and corresponds to this customer. If the customer signalsare not authenticated, the computing resource service provider may denyaccess to its various services. Otherwise, the customer may be grantedaccess to the one or more services that the customer has opted to use.

In an embodiment, the computing resource service provider may transmitone or more authentication requests to the customer over time after theinitial connection to ensure the connection has not been compromised.The customer may transmit a response to the request, which may comprisea digital signature generated using a hash function and a cryptographickey to the computing resource service provider to provide evidence thatthe customer is authorized to maintain the connection. Accordingly, ifthe signature is verified, such as through the authentication service,the computing resource service provider may allow the connection tocontinue. However, if the authentication service is unable to verifythat the customer has the authority to access the services provided bythe computing resource service provider, the computing resource serviceprovider may limit the customer's access to the services until thecustomer is able to provide a valid digital signature to the computingresource service provider.

In an embodiment, the customer transmits an authentication request tothe computing resource service provider, such as through anappropriately configured API call to the service, to verify that theconnection is currently between the customer and the computing resourceservice provider. If the signal received from the computing resourceservice provider is not authentic (e.g., does not include a validdigital signature on behalf of the computing resource service provider),the customer may limit or even terminate the connection with thecomputing resource service provider. Otherwise, the customer maycontinue his/her access to the various services provided by thecomputing resource service provider provided the customer mayreciprocally provide authentication credentials to the computingresource service provider when requested.

In some embodiments, the customer may transmit an authentication requestto the computing resource service provider, such as through anappropriately configured API call to the service, to cause theauthentication service to verify that the customer communications aretruly originating from a customer computer system. This authenticationrequest transmitted by the customer may include a digital signaturewhich may be used by the computing resource service provider to verifythe customer's identity. If the digital signature is authentic, thecomputing resource service provider may transmit one or more signalscomprising a digital signature for the computing resource serviceprovider to the customer. Accordingly, the customer may use this digitalsignature to verify the identity of the computing resource serviceprovider.

In this manner, the computing resource service provider and itscustomers may be connected through one or more physical routers andensure that the connection is limited or terminated in the event of afailure to authenticate the customer or computing resource serviceprovider signals. In addition, the techniques described hereinfacilitate additional technical advantages. For example, because, insome embodiments, the authentication processes are performed by computersystems managed by either the computing resource service provider or thecustomer, manual intervention may not be required to authenticate theconnection. Accordingly, these techniques may increase the flexibilityavailable to the computing resource service provider and its customersin ensuring a secure connection. Additionally, the use of an alternativeauthentication process may eliminate the use of the conventionalrouter-to-router authentication techniques, potentially eliminating ormitigating any vulnerability that may be inherent in the conventionaltechniques. Additional uses are also enabled by the various techniquesdescribed herein.

FIG. 1 shows an illustrative example of an environment 100 in whichvarious embodiments may be practiced. In the environment 100, acomputing resource service provider 102 provides various computingresource services to customers of the computing resource serviceprovider. The computing resource service provider 102 may be anorganization that hosts various computing resources on behalf of one ormore customers. For example, a computing resource service provider mayoperate one or more facilities that are used to host various computinghardware resources, such as hardware servers, data storage devices,network devices, and other equipment, such as server racks, networkingcables and the like. The computing resource hardware may utilize itscomputing hardware resources to operate one or more services. Suchservices may include services that enable customers of the computingresource service provider to remotely manage computing resources tosupport the customers' operations while reducing or even eliminating theneed of the customers to invest in physical equipment. Example servicesinclude, but are not limited to, various data storage services(object-based data storage services, archival data storage services,database services and the like), program execution services and otherservices. The services may be used by customers to support a widevariety of activities, such as operating a website, operating enterprisesystems supporting an organization, distributed computation and/or otheractivities.

Accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the environment 100 includes acustomer 104. The customer 104 may be an organization that utilizes someor all of the various services at least in part by establishing a directconnection with the computing resource service provider 102. Thecustomer 104 of the computing resource service provider 102 may utilizevarious services provided by the computing resource service provider102. For example, the customer 104 may utilize the services provided bythe computing resource service provider 102 through automated processes,such as batch requests made to a service or customer server requeststhat require access to the service to support a customer operation. Thecustomer 104 may contact the computing resource service provider 102 torequest the installation of a direct connection to the computingresource service provider. The computing resource service provider maygenerate a letter of authority and either deploy a data technician orallow the customer 102 to use its own data technician or third party toconnect a customer router and a computing resource service providerrouter 106. The routers may be located in a data center or colocationwhich, in turn, may be located in a remote location. While routers areused extensively throughout the present disclosure for the purpose ofillustration, the techniques illustrated in the present disclosure mayadditionally apply generally to other network devices (e.g., gatewaydevices, etc.).

Once the connection between the customer 104 and the computing resourceservice provider router 106 has been established, the computing resourceservice provider router may initiate transmission of one or more signalsto the customer router. One such signal may include an authenticationrequest in order to verify that the customer 104 is authorized toconnect to the computing resource service provider 102. Thisauthentication request may originate in an authentication service 108,maintained and operated by the computing resource service provider 102.The authentication service 108 may be configured to obtain customerinformation from an account service (not shown) in order to obtain acryptographic key which may be necessary to hash the received customerdata to generate an expected customer digital signature. This expectedcustomer digital signature may be compared to the received customerdigital signature to verify the customer's identity. Additionally, theauthentication service 108 may be configured to transmit executablecommands to the computing resource service provider router 106 totransmit the authentication request to the customer 104.

In response to the authentication request, the customer 104 may provideone or more data packets comprising a digital signature along withadditional data (e.g., customer identification number, port number,etc.) to the computing resource service provider 102 through one or moresignals transmitted to the computing resource service provider router106. Accordingly, the router 106 may transmit these data packets to theauthentication service 108 for validation. The authentication service108 may be configured to hash the additional data received from thecustomer 104, along with a cryptographic key to generate an expectedcustomer digital signature. If the digital signatures match, theauthentication service 108 may reconfigure the computing resourceservice provider router 106 to enable the customer to access one or moreother services 110 provided by the computing resource service provider102. These other services 110 may include various data storage services(object-based data storage services, archival data storage services,database services and the like), program execution services and thelike. However, if the digital signature received from the customer 104does not match the expected digital signature, the authenticationservice 108 may deny access to the other services 110.

Alternatively, the customer 104 may initiate the authentication process,such as through an appropriately configured API call to the service, bytransmitting one or more data packets to the computing resource serviceprovider router 106. These data packets may include a digital signaturegenerated using a secret key which, when processed by the computingresource service provider 102, causes the service provider to hash thereceived data, along with a cryptographic key, to generate an expectedcustomer digital signature which may be used to determine whether thereceived digital signature is authentic. Additionally, these datapackets may cause the service provider 102 to generate one or more datapackets comprising its own digital signature which may be used by thecustomer 104 to verify the identity of the computing resource serviceprovider. In this fashion, both the customer 104 and the computingresource service provider 102 may verify the authenticity of the signalstransmitted through the direct physical connection.

Once the customer 104 has attained access to the one or more otherservices 110, the computing resource service provider 102 may use theauthentication service 108 to transmit one or more authenticationrequests to the customer to ensure that the connection has not beencompromised. If there is an indication that the connection may have beencompromised (e.g., the authentication credentials received from thecustomer 104 do not match the expected values), the computing resourceservice provider 102, through the authentication service 108, mayperform one or more actions with regard to the existing connection. Forinstance, the computing resource service provider 102 may configure theauthentication service 108 to transmit one or more executableinstructions to the router 106 to limit the connection. This may includethrottling the available network bandwidth to the customer 104 ordisabling access to the other services 110. In another instance, theauthentication service 108 may refer to the account service (not shown)to apply one or more restrictions to the connection in accordance withcustomer 104 specifications. For instance, the customer 104 may havespecified during the initial request for a direct connection to thecomputing resource service provider 102 that certain actions are to betaken if the connection is compromised. The computing resource serviceprovider 102 may restore the connection if the customer 104 at a laterpoint provides valid authentication credentials to the computingresource service provider.

As noted above, the physical connection between a customer router and acomputing resource service provider router may be made at a data centeror colocation that may be located at a remote location. Accordingly,FIG. 2 is an illustrative example of an environment in which variousembodiments can be practiced. In the environment 200, direct connectionsmay have been established between one or more customers 202 and acomputing resource service provider 212. As noted above, a customer 202may contact the computing resource service provider 212 to request theinstallation of a direct connection to the computing resource serviceprovider. Accordingly, the computing resource service provider 212 maydeploy a data technician to establish a physical connection between acustomer router 206 and a computing resource service provider router210. The routers 206, 210 may be located in a data center or colocation204 which, in turn, may be located in a remote location.

In this illustrative example, the direct connection between one or morecustomers 202 and the computing resource service provider 212 may beestablished by installing cables between the customer routers 206 and acomputing resource service provider router 210. The routers 206, 210illustrated in FIG. 2 may comprise a variety of ports configured toallow users to transmit data to a recipient or receive data from asource. For instance, in embodiments where the customer and providerconnect using fiber optic cables, a router 206, 210 may comprise anumber of transmission ports and a number of receiving ports. Thus, theconnection between a customer router 206 and the computing resourceservice provider router 210 may include a plurality of cables that, whenconnected to the routers, enable a customer 202 and the computingresource service provider 212 to transmit and receive data.

Depending on the configuration of the colocation 204, a direct physicalconnection (or simply “physical connection”) between a customer router206 and a computing resource service provider router 210 may include oneor more patch panels 208 or other intervening structures (e.g.,non-routing devices, couplers, etc.). For instance, the one or morepatch panels 208 may enable a colocation 204 operator to use shorterlengths of cable to connect two or more devices, such as the customerrouters 206 and the computing resource service provider router 210.Additionally, the patch panels 208 may be used to simplify theidentification of the ports used to establish the connection as theinput/output ports may be labeled accordingly from the patch panels 208.In other words, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited tothose in which a contiguous cable connects the customer and providerrouters. Once the physical connection has been established from thecustomer routers 206 to the computing resource service provider router210 in the colocation 204, the computing resource service provider 212may begin transmitting one or more signals through the computingresource service provider router to the customer routers. The customerrouter 206, upon receiving the one or more signals from the computingresource service provider 212, may transmit the one or more signals tothe customer 202 for processing. As noted above, the one or more signalsmay include an authentication request which may cause the computersystems operated by a customer 202 to transmit a response comprisingauthentication proof. The authentication proof may include a digitalsignature or other account credential necessary to establish theidentity of the customer 202. While the use of digital signatures forauthentication is used extensively throughout the present disclosure forthe purpose of illustration, other authentication methods may be used.For instance, the authentication request sent by a computing resourceservice provider 212 may include executable instructions that may causea customer graphical user interface to appear on a customer 202 computersystem with a prompt for a password. Thus, a customer 202 may berequired to type in a password in the prompt in order to authenticatethe connection.

Once the connection has been authenticated, the computing resourceservice provider 212, through an authentication service, mayre-configure the computing resource service provider router 210 to allowcommunications between a customer 202 and one or more services providedby the computing resource service provider. At a later time, thecomputing resource service provider 212 may transmit one or more signalsthrough its router 210 to a customer 202 to verify that the connectionhas not been compromised. If the customer 202 is unable to provideadequate authentication proof (e.g., invalid credential, invalid digitalsignature, incorrect Internet protocol (IP) address, checksum mismatch,etc.) to the computing resource service provider 212, the computingresource service provider, through the authentication service, may onceagain re-configure the computing resource service provider router 210 tolimit the customer's 202 access to the one or more services.

At the same time, the customer 202 may transmit, through the customerrouter 206 one or more signals to the computing resource serviceprovider 212 to verify that the connection has not been compromised. Ifthe computing resource service provider 212 is unable to provideadequate authentication proof, the customer 202, through one or morecomputer systems operated by the customer, may transmit an executablecommand to the customer router 206 to limit or even terminate theexisting connection.

As noted above, the computing resource service provider may provide anumber of services which a customer may use to support its businessoperations. Accordingly, FIG. 3 is an illustrative example of one ormore services provided by a computing resource service provider 302 inaccordance with at least one embodiment. In this illustrative example,the computing resource service provider 302 provides at least five typesof services. The services provided by the computing resource serviceprovider 302, in this example, include a virtual computer system service304, an object-based data storage service 306, a database service 308,an account service 310, an authentication service 312 and one or moreother services 314, although not all embodiments of the presentdisclosure will include all such services and additional services may beprovided in addition to or as an alternative to services explicitlydescribed herein.

The virtual computer system service 304 may be a collection of computingresources configured to instantiate virtual machine instances ontovirtual computing systems on behalf of the customers of the computingresource service provider 302. Customers of the computing resourceservice provider 302 may interact with the virtual computer systems'service to provision and operate virtual computer systems that areinstantiated on physical computing devices hosted and operated by thecomputing resource service provider 302. The virtual computer systemsmay be used for various purposes, such as to operate as serverssupporting a website. Other applications for the virtual computersystems may be to support database applications, electronic commerceapplications, business applications and/or other applications.

The object-based data storage service 306 may comprise a collection ofcomputing resources that collectively operate to store data for acustomer. The data stored in the object-based data storage service 306may be organized into data objects. The data objects may have arbitrarysizes except, perhaps, for certain constraints on size. Thus, theobject-based data storage service 306 may store numerous data objects ofvarying sizes. The object-based data storage service 306 may operate asa key value store that associates data objects with identifiers of thedata objects which may be used by the customer to retrieve or performother operations in connection with the data objects stored by the datastorage service 306. Access to the data storage service may be throughappropriately configured API calls.

The database service 308 may be a collection of computing resources thatcollectively operate to run one or more databases for one or morecustomers. Customers of the computing resource service provider 302 mayoperate and manage a database from the database service 308 by utilizingappropriately configured API calls. This, in turn, may allow a customerto maintain and potentially scale the operations in the database.

The account service 310 may be a collection of computing resources thatcollectively operate to maintain customer account information for eachcustomer of the computing resource service provider 302. The accountservice 310 may include, for example, the customer name, address, phonenumbers, billing details and other personal identification informationfor each customer of the computing resource service provider 302.Additionally, the account service 310 may include cryptographic keys orother credentials that may be used to verify that a customer has theproper authorization to access the one or more services provided by thecomputing resource service provider 302. Accordingly, the accountservice 310 may be configured to operate in conjunction with theauthentication service 312 to enable customer connections and limitaccess to the one or more services provided by the computing resourceservice provider 302 should the customer fail to provide adequateauthentication proof (e.g., digital signature, password, etc.). Thecustomer may be able to interact with the account service 310 throughone or more communications networks, such as the Internet, in order toprovide and update the account information as necessary. Accordingly,the customer may access the account service 310 to perform a keyexchange to ensure both the customer and the computing resource serviceprovider 302 have a copy of the cryptographic keys necessary to validatea physical connection.

The authentication service 312, as noted above, may serve toauthenticate and verify a connection between the computing resourceservice provider 302 and a customer. For instance, after a directconnection has been established between a customer and the computingresource service provider 302 (e.g., for example, through the use ofrouters located in a colocation, as illustrated in FIG. 2), theauthentication service 312 may transmit an authentication request to thecustomer in order to ensure that the customer has authorization toaccess the one or more services provided by the computing resourceservice provider. Accordingly, the authentication service 312 may beconfigured to receive authentication proof from the customer and performone or more operations to determine whether the authentication proofprovided is authentic. For instance, the authentication service 312 mayinteract with the account service 310 to obtain necessary customerinformation for verifying the provided authentication proof (e.g., oneor more cryptographic keys, passwords, customer identification numbers,etc.). If the authentication proof is not adequate, the authenticationservice 312 may transmit one or more executable commands to thecomputing resource service provider 302 router to limit customer accessto the one or more services until the customer is able to provideadequate authentication proof. The authentication service 312 may beconfigured to perform this authentication process at different times toensure that a connection between the customer and the computing resourceservice provider 302 is not compromised.

The authentication service 312 may additionally be configured to respondto an authentication request transmitted by a customer to the computingresource service provider 302. For instance, after a direct connectionhas been established between a customer and the computing resourceservice provider 302, the customer may transmit an authenticationrequest to the computing resource service provider in order to verifythat the connection is authentic and has not been compromised. Theauthentication service 312 may process the request and provideauthentication proof necessary to verify that the connection isauthentic. For example, the authentication service 312 may be configuredto access the account service 310 to locate the account informationrelated to the customer and identify the type of authentication proofrequired to authenticate the connection. In this fashion, theauthentication service 312 may provide added security to the connectionbetween a customer and the computing resource service provider 302.

The computing resource service provider 302 may additionally maintainone or more other services 314 based on the needs of its customers. Forinstance, the computing resource service provider 302 may maintain ablock-level data storage service which may comprise a collection ofcomputing resources that collectively operate to store data for acustomer by utilizing block-level data storage volumes. The storagevolumes may be configured to behave like raw, unformatted block storagedevices with a block level customer interface. Accordingly, a customer,through properly configured API calls to the service, may create a filesystem on top of the block-level data storage volumes or utilize thevolume as a block-level storage device (e.g., a hard drive). Otherservices include, but are not limited to, object-level archival datastorage services, services that manage other services and/or otherservices.

As noted above, the computing resource service provider may utilize anauthentication service to authenticate a direct, physical connectionbetween a customer and the computing resource service provider. However,the use of the authentication service to authenticate a connection maybe used for other types of connections. Accordingly, FIG. 4 is anillustrative example of an environment 400 in which various embodimentscan be practiced. In the environment 400, a customer may utilize acustomer gateway device 402 to communicate with the computing resourceservice provider 408 through one or more communications networks 404,such as the Internet. While the Internet is used extensively throughoutthe present disclosure for the purpose of illustration, the presentdisclosure is not so limited. For instance, the gateway device 402 maybe used to communicate with the computing resource service provider 408through a local area network (LAN), intranet, extranet, a wirelessnetwork and any combination thereof.

The customer gateway device 402 may be any device configured to act asan entrance, or “gateway,” to a network 404. The customer gateway 402may be configured to convert data originating in a customer computersystem into data packets that may be transmitted over the network 404 toan intended recipient (e.g., in this case, the computing resourceservice provider 408). Additionally, the customer gateway device 402 maybe configured to receive any data packets transmitted through thenetwork 404 and to convert these data packets into data that is readableby a customer computer system. For example, if the customer gatewaydevice 402 is connected to the computing resource service provider 408through the Internet, the customer gateway device 402 may be configuredto use a suite of communications protocols, such as the TransmissionControl Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP), to transmit data packets tothe computing resource service provider 408. The IP component mayprovide routing from the customer computer system to the computingresource service provider 408 through the Internet. This may beaccomplished through the use of IP addresses (e.g., IPv4 or IPv6addresses) that may correspond to the customer computer system and thecomputing resource service provider 408 systems. The TCP component maybe responsible for verifying the correct delivery of data from thecustomer to the computing resource service provider 408.

The customer computer systems and the computing resource serviceprovider 408 computing systems may additionally use an additionalnetwork protocol to identify the most efficient or expedient pathway forrouting data packets. For instance, the various computer systems mayutilize a border gateway protocol (BGP) in order to exchange routinginformation in the network 404. The customer computer systems andcomputing resource service provider computer systems may use BGP todetermine the available gateway devices (e.g., routers) available totransmit and receive data packets sent over the network 404 (e.g.,Internet). Thus the computer systems using BGP may rely on TCP/IP inorder to transmit the data packets through the various routers connectedto the computer systems and that support the network 404.

The protocol used to connect the customer gateway device 402 to thecomputing resource service provider 408 through the network 404 mayinclude a security protocol necessary to verify that the customer andcomputing resource service provider are authorized to participate in thesecure connection 406. The secure connection 406 may be a virtualprivate network (VPN) operated through one or more secure tunnels (e.g.,Internet Protocol Security (IPsec) tunnels using one or more encryptionmethods). Thus, when the initial connection is made between the customerand the computing resource service provider 408 through the network 404using this security protocol, the computing resource service providermay transmit an authentication request to the customer to determinewhether the customer has the authority to participate in this secureconnection 406. Accordingly, the customer, through the customer gatewaydevice 402, may transmit a data packet comprising the IP address of anauthentication service provided by the computing resource serviceprovider 408 and authentication proof (e.g., password, digitalsignature, etc.) subject to the security protocol.

Once the authentication service provided by the computing resourceservice provider 408 receives the data packet from the customer gatewaydevice 402, the authentication credential received may utilize a hashfunction to hash the received data, along with a cryptographic keyassociated with the customer, to generate an expected customer digitalsignature. Accordingly, the computing resource service provider 408 maycompare this expected customer digital signature to the digitalsignature received from the customer gateway device 402 to determine ifthese signatures match. If there is a match, the computing resourceservice provider 408 may re-configure its own gateway devices to permitthe customer to access one or more other services provided by thecomputing resource service provider. However, if digital signatures donot match, any data packets transmitted to the one or more otherservices may be denied. Additionally, the customer may use the customergateway device 402 to transmit an authentication request to thecomputing resource service provider 408. Accordingly, the computingresource service provider 408 may transmit a data packet comprising theIP address of the customer computing system and an authenticationcredential (e.g., digital signature, password, etc.) subject to thesecurity protocol. If the authentication credential received isinadequate, the customer may transmit one or more executable commands tothe customer gateway device 402 to limit or terminate the secureconnection 406 to the computing resource service provider 408.

FIG. 5 is an illustrative example of an environment 500 in which aphysical connection is authenticated in accordance with at least oneembodiment. In the environment 500, a customer may submit a request to acomputing resource service provider 504 to establish a direct connectionwith the computing resource service provider. Accordingly, the computingresource service provider 504 may generate a letter of authority tophysically connect a customer router 502 to a computing resource serviceprovider router 506. A data technician may be deployed to establish thephysical connection, as illustrated in FIG. 2.

Once the physical connection has been established between the customerrouter 502 and the computing resource service provider router 506, thecomputing resource service provider 504 may utilize an authenticationservice 508 to verify that the customer transmissions through thephysical connection originate from the authorized customer. Accordingly,the authentication service 508 may be configured to transmit anauthentication request through the computing resource service providerrouter 506. The computing resource service provider router 506 may beconfigured to transmit this authentication request using a securityprotocol, as described above, to elicit a response from the customer.

Accordingly, the customer router 502 may receive this authenticationrequest and transmit the request to one or more customer computersystems for processing. The one or more customer computer systems may beconfigured to prepare a data packet comprising the necessaryauthentication proof (e.g., password, digital signature, etc.) to verifythe identity of the customer, along with any other requisite informationnecessary to access the other services 512 available to the customer.This data packet may be transmitted to the customer router 506, which,in turn, may utilize the security protocol to transmit the data packetcomprising the authentication proof.

The computing resource service provider router 506 may transmit thereceived customer data packet to the authentication service 508 forverification. Accordingly, the authentication service 508 may beconfigured to extract the authentication proof from the data packet. Theauthentication proof may include a digital signature which may need tobe verified using a hash of the received data and a cryptographic keymaintained by the computing resource service provider and specific tothe customer. Thus, the authentication service 508 may be configured tointeract with an account service 510 managed by the computing resourceservice provider 504 to obtain relevant customer information. Forinstance, the account service 510, as illustrated above, may comprisecustomer account information for each customer of the computing resourceservice provider 504. For example, the customer account may comprise oneor more cryptographic keys that may be used to generate an expectedcustomer digital signature in order to verify the received digitalsignature is authentic and thus verify the identity of a customercomputer system connected directly to the computing resource serviceprovider 504. Thus, the account service 510 may be configured totransmit these keys to the authentication service 508.

The authentication service 508 may use the cryptographic keys from theaccount service 510, along with data received from the customer, togenerate an expected customer digital signature and attempt to matchthis signature with the customer authentication proof. If there is aresulting match between the digital signatures, the authenticationservice 508 may transmit one or more executable commands to thecomputing resource service provider router 506 to allow the customer toaccess the other services 512 provided by the computing resource serviceprovider 504. However, if no match can be established, theauthentication service 508 may transmit an informative message to thecustomer comprising the reason why access to the other services 512 hasbeen denied.

In another embodiment, once the physical connection has been establishedbetween the customer router 502 and the computing resource serviceprovider router 506, the customer may generate one or more data packetscomprising customer information and a digital signature, such as throughone or more appropriately configured API calls to the service, which maybe used to verify the identity of the customer. These data packets maybe transmitted over the physical connection using an authenticationprotocol to the computing resource service provider router 506. Thisrouter 506 may be configured to transfer these data packets to anauthentication service 508 for further processing.

The authentication service 508 may be configured to interact with anaccount service 510 in order to obtain one or more cryptographic keysnecessary to generate an expected customer digital signature.Accordingly, the authentication service 508 may be configured to hashthe cryptographic keys and the received customer data to generate thisexpected customer digital signature. This signature may be compared withthe received customer digital signature to determine if there is amatch. If there is a match, the customer transmissions may be deemedauthentic, causing the authentication service 508 to transmit one ormore executable instructions to the provider router 506 to enable thecustomer to access the one or more other services 512 provided by thecomputing resource service provider 504. For instance, if the customertransmissions are deemed to be authentic, the computing resource serviceprovider 504 may allow a customer to provision one or more virtualinterfaces to access these other services 512.

Additionally, the verification of the customer identity may cause theauthentication service 508 to generate one or more data packetscomprising a digital signature for the computing resource serviceprovider 504 which may be transmitted to the customer router 502. Thismay enable the customer to verify the identity of the computing resourceservice provider 504.

After the initial authentication of the customer has been made, thecustomer may now access a variety of services offered by the computingresource service provider. However, further authentication requests maybe transmitted between the customer and the computing resource serviceprovider to ensure that the connection has not been compromised.Accordingly, FIG. 6 is an illustrative example of an environment 600 inwhich a connection with one or more services is managed upon initialauthentication in accordance with at least one embodiment. In theenvironment 600, the customer may transmit one or more signals throughthe customer router 602 to access one or more other services 612provided by the computing resource service provider 604. Accordingly,these one or more signals may be received by the computing resourceservice provider router 606 and transmitted to the one or more otherservices 612 for disposition. For instance, the customer may utilize thecustomer router 602 to provision a virtual interface, which may benecessary to access the one or more services 612. In this fashion, thecustomer may utilize the one or more services 612 for his/her purposes.

At any point during the interactions between the customer and computingresource service provider 604 and its associated other services 612, theauthentication service 608 may transmit an authentication request to thecustomer, via the computing resource service provider router 606 and thecustomer router 602, to ensure that the connection has not beencompromised (e.g., a third party has intercepted the connection, etc.).Accordingly, the customer may use one or more computer systemsmaintained and operated by the customer to transmit authentication proofnecessary to satisfy the received authentication request. Thisauthentication proof may be transmitted through the customer router 602.As in the initial authentication process illustrated in FIG. 5, theauthentication proof may include a password, digital signature or anyother credential requested in the authentication request. Thisauthentication proof may be transmitted in one or more data packetsconfigured according to a security protocol to the computing resourceservice provider 604.

The computing resource service provider router 606 may receive thisauthentication proof and accordingly deliver the proof to theauthentication service 608 for verification. As illustrated in FIG. 5,the authentication service 608 may be configured to interact with anaccount service 610 to obtain relevant customer information (e.g.,cryptographic keys, customer account credentials, etc.) necessary toevaluate the received authentication proof. If the authentication proofprovided by the customer is confirmed to be authentic, theauthentication service 608 may allow continued customer access to theother services 612. However, if the provided authentication proof doesnot comport with the relevant customer information obtained from theaccount service 610, the authentication service 608 may transmit one ormore executable instructions to the computing resource service providerrouter 606 to limit customer access to the other services 612 providedby the computing resource service provider 604. For instance, thecomputing resource service provider router 606 may be configured toreduce the available connection bandwidth to the customer or terminatethe connection or the virtual interface altogether. Alternatively, theauthentication service 608 may be configured to again interact with theaccount service 610 to identify one or more actions that may be taken inthe event of a failed authentication challenge. For example, thecustomer may specify that the computing resource service provider 604 isto monitor and log all activities related to a user purporting to be thecustomer that is accessing the other services 612.

Alternatively, at any point during the interactions between the customerand the computing resource service provider 604 and its associated otherservices 612, the computer systems operated by the customer may transmitone or more authentication requests to the computing resource serviceprovider to ensure that the connection has not been compromised. Oncethe request has been received by the computing resource service providerrouter 606, the request may be transmitted to the authentication service608 for processing. The authentication service 608 may be configured tointeract with the account service 610 to obtain the relevant customerinformation, including, but not limited to, one or more cryptographickeys necessary to generate authentication proof to satisfy the customerauthentication request. For instance, the authentication service 608 maybe configured to use a hash function to hash data and the cryptographickey to generate a digital signature. Accordingly, the authenticationservice 608 may generate one or more data packets that may comprise theauthentication proof (e.g., digital signature) along with other datathat may be transmitted to the customer computer systems via thephysical connection between the computing resource service providerrouter 606 and the customer router 602.

If the authentication proof provided by the computing resource serviceprovider 604 is inadequate, the customer computing systems may beconfigured to transmit executable commands that may cause the customerrouter 602 to terminate the connection. This may include generating arequest for a data technician to sever the physical connection or thecomplete ceasing of transmission of one or more signals through thephysical connection. However, if the authentication proof is adequate,such that the connection with the computing resource service provider604 is indeed authentic, the customer may continue to utilize thephysical connection to access the one or more other services 612necessary to support its business.

In another embodiment, the customer may generate additional data packetscomprising cryptographic authentication information, such as through oneor more appropriately configured API calls to the service, which may beused to verify the identity of the customer. As noted above, these datapackets may be transmitted over the physical connection using anauthentication protocol to the computing resource service providerrouter 606. This router 606 may be configured to transfer these datapackets to an authentication service 608 for further processing.

As noted above, the authentication service 608 may be configured tointeract with an account service 610 in order to obtain one or morecryptographic keys necessary to generate an expected customer digitalsignature. Accordingly, the authentication service 608 may be configuredto hash the cryptographic keys and the received customer data togenerate this expected customer digital signature. This signature may becompared with the received customer digital signature to determine ifthere is a match. If there is a match, the customer transmissions may bedeemed authentic, causing the authentication service 608 to allowcontinued access to the one or more services 612 provided by thecomputing resource service provider 604. However, if there is no match,the authentication service 608 may perform one or more actions to limitor even terminate the existing connection, as illustrated above.

In addition, if the digital signatures match, the authentication service608 may generate one or more data packets comprising a computingresource service provider 604 digital signature which may be transmittedto the customer router 602. This may enable the customer to verify theidentity of the computing resource service provider 604 in order tocontinue the present direct connection.

As noted above, a direct connection may be established between acustomer router and a computing resource service provider to enable acustomer to access one or more services provided by the computingresource service provider. Accordingly, FIG. 7 is an illustrativeexample of a process 700 for establishing a physical connection betweena customer and a computing resource service provider in accordance withat least one embodiment. The process 700 may be performed by a varietyof networking and computing components operated by the computingresource service provider, as well as one or more services maintainedand operated by the computing resource service provider (e.g.,authentication and account services).

A customer may contact a computing resource service provider to requestthe creation of a direct physical connection between a customer routerand a computing resource service provider router. For instance, thecustomer may desire to establish a dedicated network connection betweenthe customer computing systems and the computing resource serviceprovider computing systems. This may enable the customer to access theone or more services provided by the computing resource service providerto support his/her business operations. Accordingly, the process 700 mayinclude a computing resource service provider receiving 702 a requestfrom the customer to establish this direct connection.

Once the computing resource service provider has received the requestfrom the customer, the computing resource service provider may generate704 a letter of authority to connect the customer router to thecomputing resource service provider router. As illustrated in FIG. 2,the customer routers and the computing resource service provider routersmay be located in a data center or colocation center. Thus, the letterof authority may grant a data technician (e.g., employee of thecomputing resource service provider, customer or contracted third party)permission to establish the connection between the customer router andthe computing resource service provider router.

The data technician may use one or more cables to connect 706 thephysical routers. This may entail identifying the customer and computingresource service provider routers within the colocation center and thecorresponding ports required to establish the connection. For instance,the data technician may insert one end of a set of cables (e.g.,fiber-optic, copper, or other material) in a receiving and transmissionport of the customer router and connect the other end of the cables to areceiving and transmission port of the computing resource serviceprovider. If the colocation center includes one or more patch panels,the data technician may connect the cables from the customer router,through the patch panels, and from the final patch panel ports to thecomputing resource service provider router. The data technician may usea diagnostic tool to ensure proper connectivity or may contact thecomputing resource service provider to inform the computing resourceservice provider that the connection has been established.

It should be noted that the authentication process may be portindependent. For instance, in an embodiment, the customer operates andmaintains a cage within a colocation center that comprises the customerrouter and routers maintained and operated by a secondary or tertiarycustomer (e.g., a customer of the customer with the existingrelationship with the computing resource service provider). At anypoint, the customer may disconnect the physical connection between thecustomer router and the computing resource service provider andreconnect the physical connection with a router maintained by asecondary or tertiary customer. The secondary or tertiary customer maymaintain a set of credentials that may be associated with this secondaryor tertiary customer and may be used to provide authentication proof tothe computing resource service provider. Thus, the computing resourceservice provider may accordingly authenticate the physical connectionwith this secondary or tertiary customer through this physicalconnection. The secondary or tertiary customer may accordingly provideauthentication proof to the computing resource service provider toauthenticate the connection, as will be illustrated below.

In various embodiments, the customer and/or provider may change anetwork device port used to establish a direct physical connection. Forexample, the customer may request an upgrade of an existing physicalconnection (e.g., transition from a one gigabyte port to a ten gigabyteport on a computing resource service provider router) resulting in adifferent connection between the customer router and the computingresource service provider router. In this instance, the authenticationprocess may be repeated once the connection has been established withoutany systemic changes to the process. This may ensure that theauthentication process is port independent.

Once the physical routers in the colocation center have been connectedand the data technician has provided confirmation of the connection, thecomputing resource service provider may use the router to transmit 708one or more signals to the customer router. As illustrated above inconnection with FIG. 5, the computing resource service provider mayoperate and maintain an authentication service, which may be configuredto transmit authentication requests to a customer in order to verifythat the customer is authorized to connect to one or more servicesprovided by the computing resource service provider. Accordingly, theauthentication service may be configured to generate one or more datapackets subject to a security protocol comprising this authenticationrequest. These data packets may be transmitted by the computing resourceservice provider router to the customer router via the physicalconnection established in the colocation center.

When the customer router receives these one or more data packets fromthe computing resource service provider, the customer router maytransmit these data packets to the customer computing systems forprocessing. Based on the authentication request, the customer computersystems may be configured to utilize a hash function and a cryptographickey to generate a digital signature. The digital signature may comprisethe authentication proof necessary to satisfy the authenticationrequest. Accordingly, the customer computer systems may be configured togenerate one or more data packets comprising the authentication proofrequired to satisfy the request along with other customer data. Thesedata packets may be created according to the security protocolestablished for the transmission of authentication information.

The data packets comprising the customer authentication proof may betransmitted to the computing resource service provider through thephysical connection using the customer router. Accordingly, thecomputing resource service provider may receive 710 the signalscomprising the customer data packets from the customer router. Thesignals originating from the customer router may be received by thecomputing resource service provider router, which may be configured todecompose the signals from the customer and extract the one or more datapackets. The data packets, which may be addressed to the authenticationservice, may be transmitted to the authentication service forprocessing.

As noted above, the authentication service may be configured to extractthe customer authentication proof (e.g., digital signature) from thereceived data packets in order to verify the identity of the customer.Thus, the authentication service may attempt to authenticate 712 thedigital signature received through the physical connection. As notedabove, the authentication service may be configured to interact with anaccount service in order to obtain relevant customer information. Forinstance, the authentication service may obtain one or more customercryptographic keys (e.g., a customer key generated using one or morecryptographic methods, such as elliptic-curve cryptography) from theaccount service in order to verify the authentication proof. Forinstance, the authentication service may be configured to hash thecustomer data received, along with the cryptographic key, to generate anexpected customer digital signature. If this expected customer digitalsignature matches the received digital signature from the customer, thenthe signals are authentic and the customer identity is verified.

If the authentication proof provided by the customer is adequate (e.g.,the digital signatures produce a match), the authentication service mayenable 714 the customer to access the one or more services provided bythe computing resource service provider. In order to enable customeraccess to the one or more services, the authentication service may beconfigured to transmit one or more executable instructions to thecomputing resource service provider router to re-configure the router toallow the customer to transmit one or more signals to access the one ormore services. For instance, the computing resource service providerrouter may be configured to allow any data packets comprising arecipient IP address of one or more services to be delivered to the oneor more services. Additionally, the authentication may be configured totransmit one or more executable instructions to the computing resourceservice provider router to allow a customer to provision a virtualinterface, which may be used to access these services. In this fashion,the customer may be able to access the one or more services provided bythe computing resource service provider.

As noted above, the authentication service may be configured to verifythat the customer has the authority to access the one or more servicesprovided by the computing resource service provider after the physicalconnection between the customer and the computing resource serviceprovider has been established. Accordingly, FIG. 8 is an illustrativeexample of a process 800 for authenticating a connection for the firsttime in accordance with at least one embodiment. As noted above, thecomputing resource service provider and customer may establish aphysical connection through the use of routers located in a colocationcenter. Once the physical connection has been established, there is arisk that an unauthorized third party may interfere with the connection(e.g., attempt to impersonate the customer and access customerinformation). Accordingly, the computing resource service provider mayinclude an authentication service that may be configured to transmit 802an authentication request to the customer to verify the customer has theauthority to access the requested services.

As noted above, the authentication service may be configured to generateone or more data packets comprising the authentication request which maybe sent through the physical connection. These data packets mayadditionally be configured according to a security protocol in additionto other standard protocols (e.g., TCP/IP, IPsec, etc.) such that thedata packets may be processed by the customer computer systems and thetransmission is secure. Accordingly, the authentication service may beconfigured to transmit these data packets to the computing resourceservice provider router which, in turn, may transmit the data packets tothe customer.

The customer may receive these data packets through the customer routerthat may be physically connected to the computing resource serviceprovider router in the colocation center. Accordingly, the data packetsmay be transmitted to one or more customer computer systems forprocessing, such that the one or more computer systems may generate oneor more data packets in response to the request comprising the necessaryauthentication proof to verify that the customer has the authority toaccess the services provided by the computing resource service provider.As is the case with the data packets generated using the authenticationservice, the one or more customer computer systems may be configured togenerate one or more data packets configured according to the securityprotocol in addition to the other standard protocols. Thus, these datapackets may be transmitted from the customer router to the computingresource service provider router for processing. The computing resourceservice provider may transmit the one or more data packets received fromthe customer to the authentication service.

Accordingly, the authentication service may be configured to receive 804the authentication proof from the customer. Based on the type ofauthentication proof requested, the authentication service may beconfigured to interact with an account service to obtain customeraccount information necessary to verify the authentication proof. Forinstance, the authentication service may obtain a cryptographic keyassociated with the customer account to generate an expected customerdigital signature which may be used to determine whether the digitalsignature received from the customer is authentic.

Accordingly, the authentication service may be configured to use thecryptographic key to generate an expected customer digital signature tocompare to the received digital signature from the customer to determinewhether there is a match. Accordingly, the authentication service may beconfigured to determine 806 whether the customer authentication proof isauthentic. If the authentication proof received from the customermatches the expected customer digital signature generated by theauthentication service, the authentication service may establish 808 aconnection to the one or more services provided by the computingresource service provider. For instance, the authentication service maybe configured to transmit one or more executable instructions to thecomputing resource service provider router that may cause the router totransmit any data packets received from the customer addressed to theone or more services provided by the computing resource service providerto these one or more services. Thus, the customer may be able to accessthese services to support its business.

However, if the authentication proof received from the customer does notmatch the expected customer digital signature generated by theauthentication service, the authentication service may deny 810 thecustomer access to the services provided by the computing resourceservice provider. For instance, the authentication service may beconfigured to transmit one or more executable commands to the computingresource service provider router which may cause the router to rejectany data packets from the customer that may be addressed to these one ormore services. Alternatively, if the configuration of the computingresource service provider router during the initial physical connectionincludes automatically rejected any data packets addressed to the one ormore services, the authentication service may not transmit anyadditional instructions to the router. Thus, the router may continue toreject these data packets from the customer.

Once the customer has successfully connected to the one or moreservices, the customer may continue to utilize these services to supportits business. The authentication service, however, may be configured tocontinue to submit authentication requests to the customer in order toensure that the connection has not been compromised. Accordingly, FIG. 9is an illustrative example of a process 900 for authenticating aconnection after a connection has been previously established inaccordance with at least one embodiment. As in the process illustratedin FIG. 8, an authentication service may be configured to transmit 902an authentication request to a customer. This authentication requestedmay be transmitted in one or more data packets configured according toone or more communications protocols (e.g., TCP/IP) and a securityprotocol necessary for the security of the physical connection.

As noted above, the customer may operate one or more computer systemsconfigured to further operations of the customer's business.Accordingly, these one or more computer systems may be configured toprocess the authentication request and generate one or more data packetscomprising the necessary authentication proof to satisfy the request.The authentication proof, as noted above, may include one or morecustomer credentials (e.g., passwords, digital signatures, etc.). As inthe data packets comprising the authentication request, the data packetsgenerated using the customer computing systems may be configured to oneor more communications protocols and a security protocol. These datapackets may be delivered using a customer router which may be directly(e.g., through physical cables in a colocation center) connected to acomputing resource service provider router.

The computing resource service provider router may thus be configured toreceive 904 the data packets comprising the authentication proof andtransmit these data packets to the authentication service operated bythe computing resource service provider. Accordingly, the authenticationservice may be configured to interact with an account service operatedby the computing resource service provider to obtain necessaryinformation to verify the authentication proof. This may enable theauthentication service to determine 906 whether the customerauthentication proof is authentic. For instance, the authenticationservice may obtain one or more cryptographic keys necessary to generatean expected customer digital signature which may be used to verify thereceived digital signature from the customer.

If the authentication proof satisfies the authentication request (e.g.,the provided customer digital signature matches the expected customerdigital signature generated by the authentication service), theauthentication service may further determine 908 whether the customercurrently has access to the one or more services provided by thecomputing resource service provider. If the computing resource serviceprovider has previously established a connection between the customerand these services, the authentication service may be configured tocontinue to allow the customer to access these services. Accordingly,the authentication service may be configured to transmit 902 anotherauthentication request to the customer in order to ensure the connectionhas not been compromised. These subsequent requests may be made at alater time, based at least in part on the configuration of theauthentication service.

However, if the customer currently does not have access to the one ormore services provided by the computing resource service provider, theauthentication service may establish 910 a connection between thecustomer and these services. For instance, the authentication servicemay be configured to transmit one or more executable instructions to thecomputing resource service provider router that causes the router topermit any data packets originating from a customer computer system tobe transmitted to the one or more services. Thus, a customer may nowaccess these services to further his/her business. Again, once theconnection has been established, the authentication service may continueto transmit 902 authentication requests to the customer to ensure theconnection has not been compromised. These subsequent requests may bemade daily, weekly, monthly or at varying time intervals, dependent uponthe configuration of the authentication service.

If the authentication service evaluates the received authenticationproof from the customer and determines that the proof is not authentic,the authentication service may further determine 912 whether to limitthe customer's access to the one or more services provided by thecomputing resource service provider. For instance, the computingresource service provider may allow a customer to define what actionsmay be taken in the event the connection has been compromised. Forexample, the customer may specify that the connection should beterminated upon a potential breach. In another example, a customer mayprefer to allow the connection to continue uninterrupted while loggingall transmissions between the purported customer (e.g., unauthorizedthird party, etc.) and the computing resource service provider.

Accordingly, the authentication service may be configured to interactwith the account service to refer to the customer's instructions in theevent of a breach and perform these actions. Alternatively, if thecustomer has not specified any actions to be taken, the authenticationservice may refer to one or more default instructions that may cause theservice to perform one or more actions with regard to the connection. Ifthe customer's instructions or default instructions include limitingaccess to the one or more services, the authentication service mayproceed to limit 914 the customer's access to these services. Forinstance, the authentication service may be configured to transmit oneor more executable instructions to the computing resource serviceprovider router to throttle the available connection bandwidth availableto the customer, thus slowing the ability of the customer to access theservices. Alternatively, the connection may be terminated entirely.Other methods for limiting access to the services may additionally beincorporated and are considered to be within the scope of the presentdisclosure.

Once the connection between the customer and the computing resourceservice provider has been limited, the authentication service maycontinue to transmit 902 authentication requests to the customer. Thus,if the customer is able to provide adequate authentication proof inresponse to a new authentication request, the authentication service maytransmit one or more executable instructions to the computing resourceservice provider router to restore the access to the one or moreservices. In this fashion, the customer and the computing resourceservice provider may resolve the issue with the connection, be it anunauthorized third party, expiration of a credential or some otherissue, and restore the connection.

If, for example, the customer has specified that the computing resourceservice provider should not take any actions in the event that theauthentication proof is inadequate, the computing resource serviceprovider may allow the connection to continue unfettered. Accordingly,the authentication service may be configured to continue to transmit 902authentication requests to determine whether issues still remain withregard with the connection. For instance, the authentication service maybe configured to terminate a connection after a number of authenticationrequests have resulted in no adequate authentication proof responses.

As noted above, once the physical connection between a customer routerand a computing resource service provider router has been established,the computing resource service provider may transmit one or moreauthentication requests to the customer in order to verify thecustomer's identity and ensure that the connection has not beencompromised. In a similar manner, the customer may utilize one or morecomputing systems that the customer may use to support his/her businessto transmit one or more authentication requests to the computingresource service provider to verify the identity of the provider.Accordingly, FIG. 10 is an illustrative example of a process 1000 forauthenticating a connection in accordance with at least one embodiment.

The customer may desire to verify the identity of the party at the otherend of the connection prior to transmitting potentially sensitivecustomer data to the one or more services. Accordingly, the customer mayconfigure one or more computer systems to transmit 1002 anauthentication request to the computing resource service provider. Asnoted above, the customer computing systems may be configured togenerate one or more data packets configured according to one or morecommunications protocols and a security protocol necessary to transmitthese data packets over the secure connection. These data packets maycomprise an authentication request and customer identification data.Thus, the customer computer systems may transfer these data packets to acustomer router which may be configured to transmit these data packetsto the computing resource service provider router on the other end ofthe physical connection.

Accordingly, the authentication request may be delivered to anauthentication service operated by the computing resource serviceprovider for processing. The authentication service may be configured tointeract with an account service to access the customer account andlocate the necessary information to fulfill the request. For example,the authentication service may obtain a cryptographic key from thecustomer account in order to generate a digital signature which may beused as authentication proof. The authentication service may beconfigured to generate one or more data packets comprising theinformation necessary to fulfill the request and transmit these datapackets, through the computing resource service provider router to theone or more customer computing systems. In this fashion, the one or morecustomer computer systems may receive 1004 the authentication proof fromthe computing resource service provider.

Once the customer computing systems have obtained the authenticationproof from the computing resource service provider, the customercomputing systems may process the authentication proof to determine 1006whether the proof is authentic. In order to determine whether the proofis indeed authentic, the customer computing systems may be configured touse a cryptographic key to generate an expected authentication servicedigital signature and compare this digital signature to the digitalsignature received from the authentication service. Accordingly, thecustomer computer systems may locate or generate the expected computingresource service provider credentials (e.g., cryptographic key, expecteddigital signature, etc.) and compare these credentials to the proofprovided. If the authentication proof received does not match theexpected computing resource service provider credentials, the customercomputer systems may transmit reconfiguration information (e.g.,executable instructions) to the customer router to terminate 1008 theconnection. Thus, no further transmissions may be received from thecomputing resource service provider, allowing the customer to addressthe potential issue.

If the authentication proof received from the computing resource serviceprovider is valid (e.g., the expected authentication service digitalsignature matches the received digital signature), the customer mayallow further transmissions to be made and may continue to access theone or more services provided by the computing resource serviceprovider. Additionally, the customer computer systems may be configuredto continue to transmit 1002 one or more authentication requests to thecomputing resource service provider to ensure that the connection hasnot been compromised.

FIG. 11 illustrates aspects of an example environment 1100 forimplementing aspects in accordance with various embodiments. As will beappreciated, although a web-based environment is used for purposes ofexplanation, different environments may be used, as appropriate, toimplement various embodiments. The environment includes an electronicclient device 1102, which can include any appropriate device operable tosend and receive requests, messages or information over an appropriatenetwork 1104 and convey information back to a user of the device.Examples of such client devices include personal computers, cell phones,handheld messaging devices, laptop computers, tablet computers, set-topboxes, personal data assistants, embedded computer systems, electronicbook readers and the like. The network can include any appropriatenetwork, including an intranet, the Internet, a cellular network, alocal area network or any other such network or combination thereof.Components used for such a system can depend at least in part upon thetype of network and/or environment selected. Protocols and componentsfor communicating via such a network are well known and will not bediscussed herein in detail. Communication over the network can beenabled by wired or wireless connections and combinations thereof. Inthis example, the network includes the Internet, as the environmentincludes a web server 1106 for receiving requests and serving content inresponse thereto, although for other networks an alternative deviceserving a similar purpose could be used as would be apparent to one ofordinary skill in the art.

The illustrative environment includes at least one application server1108 and a data store 1110. It should be understood that there can beseveral application servers, layers or other elements, processes orcomponents, which may be chained or otherwise configured, which caninteract to perform tasks such as obtaining data from an appropriatedata store. Servers, as used herein, may be implemented in various ways,such as hardware devices or virtual computer systems. In some contexts,servers may refer to a programming module being executed on a computersystem. As used herein the term “data store” refers to any device orcombination of devices capable of storing, accessing and retrievingdata, which may include any combination and number of data servers,databases, data storage devices and data storage media, in any standard,distributed or clustered environment. The application server can includeany appropriate hardware and software for integrating with the datastore as needed to execute aspects of one or more applications for theclient device, handling some (even a majority) of the data access andbusiness logic for an application. The application server may provideaccess control services in cooperation with the data store and is ableto generate content such as text, graphics, audio and/or video to betransferred to the user, which may be served to the user by the webserver in the form of HyperText Markup Language (“HTML”), ExtensibleMarkup Language (“XML”) or another appropriate structured language inthis example. The handling of all requests and responses, as well as thedelivery of content between the client device 1102 and the applicationserver 1108, can be handled by the web server. It should be understoodthat the web and application servers are not required and are merelyexample components, as structured code discussed herein can be executedon any appropriate device or host machine as discussed elsewhere herein.Further, operations described herein as being performed by a singledevice may, unless otherwise clear from context, be performedcollectively by multiple devices, which may form a distributed system.

The data store 1110 can include several separate data tables, databasesor other data storage mechanisms and media for storing data relating toa particular aspect of the present disclosure. For example, the datastore illustrated may include mechanisms for storing production data1112 and user information 1116, which can be used to serve content forthe production side. The data store also is shown to include a mechanismfor storing log data 1114, which can be used for reporting, analysis orother such purposes. It should be understood that there can be manyother aspects that may need to be stored in the data store, such as pageimage information and access rights information, which can be stored inany of the above listed mechanisms as appropriate or in additionalmechanisms in the data store 1110. The data store 1110 is operable,through logic associated therewith, to receive instructions from theapplication server 1108 and obtain, update or otherwise process data inresponse thereto. In one example, a user, through a device operated bythe user, might submit a search request for a certain type of item. Inthis case, the data store might access the user information to verifythe identity of the user and can access the catalog detail informationto obtain information about items of that type. The information then canbe returned to the user, such as in a results listing on a web page thatthe user is able to view via a browser on the user device 1102.Information for a particular item of interest can be viewed in adedicated page or window of the browser. It should be noted, however,that embodiments of the present disclosure are not necessarily limitedto the context of web pages, but may be more generally applicable toprocessing requests in general, where the requests are not necessarilyrequests for content.

Each server typically will include an operating system that providesexecutable program instructions for the general administration andoperation of that server and typically will include a computer-readablestorage medium (e.g., a hard disk, random access memory, read onlymemory, etc.) storing instructions that, when executed by a processor ofthe server, allow the server to perform its intended functions. Suitableimplementations for the operating system and general functionality ofthe servers are known or commercially available and are readilyimplemented by persons having ordinary skill in the art, particularly inlight of the disclosure herein.

The environment in one embodiment is a distributed computing environmentutilizing several computer systems and components that areinterconnected via communication links, using one or more computernetworks or direct connections. However, it will be appreciated by thoseof ordinary skill in the art that such a system could operate equallywell in a system having fewer or a greater number of components than areillustrated in FIG. 11. Thus, the depiction of the system 1100 in FIG.11 should be taken as being illustrative in nature and not limiting tothe scope of the disclosure.

The various embodiments further can be implemented in a wide variety ofoperating environments, which in some cases can include one or more usercomputers, computing devices or processing devices which can be used tooperate any of a number of applications. User or client devices caninclude any of a number of general purpose personal computers, such asdesktop, laptop or tablet computers running a standard operating system,as well as cellular, wireless and handheld devices running mobilesoftware and capable of supporting a number of networking and messagingprotocols. Such a system also can include a number of workstationsrunning any of a variety of commercially-available operating systems andother known applications for purposes such as development and databasemanagement. These devices also can include other electronic devices,such as dummy terminals, thin-clients, gaming systems and other devicescapable of communicating via a network.

Various embodiments of the present disclosure utilize at least onenetwork that would be familiar to those skilled in the art forsupporting communications using any of a variety ofcommercially-available protocols, such as Transmission ControlProtocol/Internet Protocol (“TCP/IP”), protocols operating in variouslayers of the Open System Interconnection (“OSI”) model, File TransferProtocol (“FTP”), Universal Plug and Play (“UpnP”), Network File System(“NFS”), Common Internet File System (“CIFS”) and AppleTalk. The networkcan be, for example, a local area network, a wide-area network, avirtual private network, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, apublic switched telephone network, an infrared network, a wirelessnetwork and any combination thereof.

In embodiments utilizing a web server, the web server can run any of avariety of server or mid-tier applications, including Hypertext TransferProtocol (“HTTP”) servers, FTP servers, Common Gateway Interface (“CGI”)servers, data servers, Java servers and business application servers.The server(s) also may be capable of executing programs or scripts inresponse to requests from user devices, such as by executing one or moreweb applications that may be implemented as one or more scripts orprograms written in any programming language, such as Java®, C, C# orC++, or any scripting language, such as Perl, Python or TCL, as well ascombinations thereof. The server(s) may also include database servers,including without limitation those commercially available from Oracle®,Microsoft®, Sybase® and IBM®.

The environment can include a variety of data stores and other memoryand storage media as discussed above. These can reside in a variety oflocations, such as on a storage medium local to (and/or resident in) oneor more of the computers or remote from any or all of the computersacross the network. In a particular set of embodiments, the informationmay reside in a storage-area network (“SAN”) familiar to those skilledin the art. Similarly, any necessary files for performing the functionsattributed to the computers, servers or other network devices may bestored locally and/or remotely, as appropriate. Where a system includescomputerized devices, each such device can include hardware elementsthat may be electrically coupled via a bus, the elements including, forexample, at least one central processing unit (“CPU” or “processor”), atleast one input device (e.g., a mouse, keyboard, controller, touchscreen or keypad) and at least one output device (e.g., a displaydevice, printer or speaker). Such a system may also include one or morestorage devices, such as disk drives, optical storage devices andsolid-state storage devices such as random access memory (“RAM”) orread-only memory (“ROM”), as well as removable media devices, memorycards, flash cards, etc.

Such devices also can include a computer-readable storage media reader,a communications device (e.g., a modem, a network card (wireless orwired), an infrared communication device, etc.) and working memory asdescribed above. The computer-readable storage media reader can beconnected with, or configured to receive, a computer-readable storagemedium, representing remote, local, fixed and/or removable storagedevices as well as storage media for temporarily and/or more permanentlycontaining, storing, transmitting and retrieving computer-readableinformation. The system and various devices also typically will includea number of software applications, modules, services or other elementslocated within at least one working memory device, including anoperating system and application programs, such as a client applicationor web browser. It should be appreciated that alternate embodiments mayhave numerous variations from that described above. For example,customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements mightbe implemented in hardware, software (including portable software, suchas applets) or both. Further, connection to other computing devices suchas network input/output devices may be employed.

Storage media and computer readable media for containing code, orportions of code, can include any appropriate media known or used in theart, including storage media and communication media, such as, but notlimited to, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable mediaimplemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmissionof information such as computer readable instructions, data structures,program modules or other data, including RAM, ROM, Electrically ErasableProgrammable Read-Only Memory (“EEPROM”), flash memory or other memorytechnology. Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (“CD-ROM”), digital versatiledisk (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape,magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices or any othermedium which can be used to store the desired information and which canbe accessed by the system device. Based on the disclosure and teachingsprovided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciateother ways and/or methods to implement the various embodiments.

The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in anillustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, beevident that various modifications and changes may be made thereuntowithout departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention asset forth in the claims.

Other variations are within the spirit of the present disclosure. Thus,while the disclosed techniques are susceptible to various modificationsand alternative constructions, certain illustrated embodiments thereofare shown in the drawings and have been described above in detail. Itshould be understood, however, that there is no intention to limit theinvention to the specific form or forms disclosed, but on the contrary,the intention is to cover all modifications, alternative constructionsand equivalents falling within the spirit and scope of the invention, asdefined in the appended claims.

The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in thecontext of describing the disclosed embodiments (especially in thecontext of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both thesingular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearlycontradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including”and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning“including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. The term“connected,” when unmodified and referring to physical connections, isto be construed as partly or wholly contained within, attached to orjoined together, even if there is something intervening. Recitation ofranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthandmethod of referring individually to each separate value falling withinthe range, unless otherwise indicated herein and each separate value isincorporated into the specification as if it were individually recitedherein. The use of the term “set” (e.g., “a set of items”) or “subset”unless otherwise noted or contradicted by context, is to be construed asa nonempty collection comprising one or more members. Further, unlessotherwise noted or contradicted by context, the term “subset” of acorresponding set does not necessarily denote a proper subset of thecorresponding set, but the subset and the corresponding set may beequal.

Conjunctive language, such as phrases of the form “at least one of A, B,and C,” or “at least one of A, B and C,” unless specifically statedotherwise or otherwise clearly contradicted by context, is otherwiseunderstood with the context as used in general to present that an item,term, etc., may be either A or B or C, or any nonempty subset of the setof A and B and C. For instance, in the illustrative example of a sethaving three members used in the above conjunctive phrase, “at least oneof A, B, and C” and “at least one of A, B and C” refers to any of thefollowing sets: {A}, {B}, {C}, {A, B}, {A, C}, {B, C}, {A, B, C}. Thus,such conjunctive language is not generally intended to imply thatcertain embodiments require at least one of A, at least one of B and atleast one of C to each be present.

Operations of processes described herein can be performed in anysuitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearlycontradicted by context. Processes described herein (or variationsand/or combinations thereof) may be performed under the control of oneor more computer systems configured with executable instructions and maybe implemented as code (e.g., executable instructions, one or morecomputer programs or one or more applications) executing collectively onone or more processors, by hardware or combinations thereof. The codemay be stored on a computer-readable storage medium, for example, in theform of a computer program comprising a plurality of instructionsexecutable by one or more processors. The computer-readable storagemedium may be non-transitory.

The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”)provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments ofthe invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of theinvention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specificationshould be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essentialto the practice of the invention.

Preferred embodiments of this disclosure are described herein, includingthe best mode known to the inventors for carrying out the invention.Variations of those preferred embodiments may become apparent to thoseof ordinary skill in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Theinventors expect skilled artisans to employ such variations asappropriate and the inventors intend for embodiments of the presentdisclosure to be practiced otherwise than as specifically describedherein. Accordingly, the scope of the present disclosure includes allmodifications and equivalents of the subject matter recited in theclaims appended hereto as permitted by applicable law. Moreover, anycombination of the above-described elements in all possible variationsthereof is encompassed by the scope of the present disclosure unlessotherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context.

All references, including publications, patent applications and patents,cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the same extent asif each reference were individually and specifically indicated to beincorporated by reference and were set forth in its entirety herein.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method for authenticatinga connection, comprising: under control of one or more computer systemsconfigured with executable instructions, establishing a dedicatedphysical network connection between a computing resource serviceprovider network device connected to a computer resource serviceprovider network and a customer network device connected to a customernetwork separate from the computer resource service provider networkdevice; transmitting, from the computing resource service providernetwork device to the customer network device, through the dedicatedphysical network connection, a request for a customer to providecryptographic authentication information for authenticating the customernetwork device; receiving, at the computing resource service providernetwork device and from the customer network device, the cryptographicauthentication information; forwarding, from the computing resourceservice provider network device, the cryptographic authenticationinformation to an authentication service that is operable toauthenticate the cryptographic authentication information viaverification based at least in part on a secret key of the customer; andas a result of the authentication service successfully authenticatingthe cryptographic authentication information, configuring the computingresource service provider network device to route network trafficreceived from the customer network device through the dedicated physicalnetwork connection to one or more services of a computing resourceservice provider on the computer resource service provider network, theone or more services being different from the authentication service. 2.The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the secret key is aprivate key from a public-private cryptographic key pair.
 3. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising provisioninga network interface for the customer on the computing resource serviceprovider network device as a result of the authentication servicesuccessfully authenticating the cryptographic authenticationinformation.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein thededicated physical network connection is established based at least inpart on a physical connection in a colocation center remote to thecustomer, the physical connection comprising one or more cablesconnected from a set of customer ports of the customer network device toa set of computing resource service provider ports of the computingresource service provider network device.
 5. The computer-implementedmethod of claim 1, wherein: the method further comprises receivingadditional cryptographic authentication information from the customernetwork device one or more times over an amount of time; and continuedrouting of the network traffic from the customer network device to theone or more services is contingent on successfully authenticating theadditional cryptographic authentication information.
 6. Thecomputer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the method is performedin accordance with an authentication protocol used by the customernetwork device and the computing resource service provider networkdevice.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, furthercomprising receiving, prior to transmitting the request to providecryptographic authentication information, through a communicationschannel that lacks the computing resource service provider networkdevice, the secret key of the customer.
 8. A network device, comprising:one or more communications ports configured to receive one or moresignals from outside of the network device through physical networkconnections with other network devices, including a communications portthat is connected to a provider network that includes one or moreservices including an authentication service and one or more services,the communications port configured to establish a dedicated physicalnetwork connection with a customer network device outside of theprovider network; one or more processors that are operatively coupledwith the one or more communications ports; and memory includinginstructions executable by the one or more processors that when executedby the one or more processors cause the one or more processors to:forward cryptographic authentication information received over thededicated physical network connection from the customer network deviceconnected to at least one of the one or more communications ports to theauthentication service that is operable to authenticate thecryptographic authentication information; receive reconfigurationinformation, from the authentication service as a result of theauthentication service having successfully authenticated thecryptographic authentication information, to enable the network deviceto forward data received through the dedicated physical networkconnection from the customer network device to the one or more serviceson the provider network; and reconfigure the network device to forwarddata received through the communications port over the dedicatedphysical network connection from the customer network device to at leastone of the one or more services on the provider network in accordancewith the reconfiguration information.
 9. The network device of claim 8,wherein the cryptographic authentication information received from thecustomer network device is generated based at least in part on a secretkey of a customer.
 10. The network device of claim 9, wherein the secretkey is a private key from a public-private cryptographic key pair. 11.The network device of claim 8, wherein the instructions further causethe one or more processors to transmit the cryptographic authenticationinformation, verifiable by the customer network device, from theauthentication service to the customer network device.
 12. The networkdevice of claim 8, wherein the instructions further cause the one ormore processors to forward additional cryptographic authenticationinformation received from the customer network device to theauthentication service one or more times over time.
 13. The networkdevice of claim 8, wherein the signals are received through one or morefiber-optic cables connected from the customer network device to the oneor more communications ports.
 14. The network device of claim 8, whereinthe instructions further cause the one or more processors to provision anetwork interface for processing data from the customer network device,based at least in part on the reconfiguration information.
 15. One ormore non-transitory computer-readable storage media having collectivelystored thereon instructions that, as a result of execution by one ormore processors, cause operations to be performed, the operationscomprising: establishing a dedicated physical network connection betweena computing resource service provider network device connected to acomputer resource service provider network and a customer network deviceconnected to a customer network separate from the computer resourceservice provider network device; transmitting, from the computingresource service provider network device to the customer network device,through the dedicated physical network connection, a request for acustomer to provide cryptographic authentication information forauthenticating the customer network device; receiving, at the computingresource service provider network device and from the customer networkdevice, the cryptographic authentication information; forwarding, fromthe computing resource service provider network device, thecryptographic authentication information to an authentication servicethat is operable to authenticate the cryptographic authenticationinformation via verification based at least in part on a secret key ofthe customer; and as a result of the authentication service successfullyauthenticating the cryptographic authentication information, configuringthe computing resource service provider network device to route networktraffic received from the customer network device through the dedicatedphysical network connection to one or more services of a computingresource service provider on the computer resource service providernetwork, the one or more services being different from theauthentication service.
 16. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the secret key is aprivate key from a public-private cryptographic key pair.
 17. The one ormore non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, whereinthe operations further comprise provisioning a network interface for thecustomer on the computing resource service provider network device as aresult of the authentication service successfully authenticating thecryptographic authentication information.
 18. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein thededicated physical network connection is established based at least inpart on a physical connection in a colocation center remote to thecustomer, the physical connection comprising one or more cablesconnected from a set of customer ports of the customer network device toa set of computing resource service provider ports of the computingresource service provider network device.
 19. The one or morenon-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein: theoperations further comprise receiving additional cryptographicauthentication information from the customer network device one or moretimes over an amount of time; and continued routing of the networktraffic from the customer network device to the one or more services iscontingent on successfully authenticating the additional cryptographicauthentication information.
 20. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the operations areperformed in accordance with an authentication protocol used by thecustomer network device and the computing resource service providernetwork device.
 21. The one or more non-transitory computer-readablestorage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprisereceiving, prior to transmitting the request to provide cryptographicauthentication information, through a communications channel that lacksthe computing resource service provider network device, the secret keyof the customer.
 22. The one or more non-transitory computer-readablestorage media of claim 15, wherein the operations further comprise:receiving additional cryptographic authentication information from thecustomer network device; and after receiving the additionalcryptographic authentication information and as a result of failing toauthenticate using the additional cryptographic authenticationinformation, denying additional network traffic received from thecustomer network device through the dedicated physical networkconnection to the one or more services of a computing resource serviceprovider on the computer resource service provider network.
 23. The oneor more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 22,wherein denying the additional network traffic comprises transmitting,to the computing resource service provider network device over thededicated physical network connection, reconfiguration information fordenying transmission of the network traffic over the dedicated physicalnetwork connection from the customer network device to the one or moreservices of the computing resource service provider on the computerresource service provider network.
 24. The one or more non-transitorycomputer-readable storage media of claim 15, wherein the operationsfurther comprise: obtaining second cryptographic authenticationinformation different than the cryptographic authentication informationand verifiable by the customer network device to authenticate thecomputing resource service provider; and transmitting the secondcryptographic authentication information to the computing resourceservice provider network device to the customer network device.
 25. Theone or more non-transitory computer-readable storage media of claim 15,wherein the dedicated physical network connection between the computingresource service provider network device and the customer network deviceis established in response to generation of a letter of authority, theletter of authority generated in response to a request from the customerto establish the dedicated physical network connection.